Guaiacum sanctum

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Zygophyllales Family: Zygophyllaceae Genus: Guaiacum

holywood lignum vitae

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees, 2.5–10 m; trunk sometimes to 1 m diam.; bark scaly; branches many, spreading, smooth; crown dense, rounded.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (even-pinnate). Opposite. Leaves (4–)6–10 cm, not folded at night; leaflets (4–)6–8(–10), green, elliptic to obliquely oblong or obovate, 20–35 × 8–15 mm. Apex rounded. Leaflets subcoriaceous. Leaflet margins entire. Petioles shorter than leaflets. Stipules usually deciduous, ovate, 3 mm, apex acuminate, usually mucronulate, hairy.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences in axillary clusters, appearing terminal, solitary to several in axils of upper leaves, 2–3 cm diam. Flowers bisexual (perfect); pedicels glabrous. Calyx of 4–5 sepals; sepals obovate, 5–7 mm, outer smaller. Corolla of 4–5 petals, blue, obovate, 7–11 × 5–7 mm, base clawed, apex rounded to lobed. Stamens 8–10, ± as long as petals; filaments subulate to base slightly winged. Ovary superior, 4–5-lobed, 4–5-locular, obovoid, glabrous; style subulate.

Fruit: Capsules becoming greenish yellow to bright orange; obovoid; 14–20 × 12–14 mm; 4–5–lobed; 4–5–winged; apex pointed; smooth; glabrous. Seeds brown or black; ellipsoid; 10–11 mm.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range: 0–10 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 382 (1753)

Other References

Staples & Herbst 2005:575 (DESCR); Lau & Frohlich 2013:12 (NEWNAT/O, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Guaiacum sanctum L. koko crater botanical garden, american section PRESERVED_SPECIMEN annable, c.r. collins, m. collector number: 3538 Oahu BISH 5/21/1997
2 Guaiacum sanctum L. Koko Crater Botanical Garden, near Cacti/Americas section. Dry Lowland Prosopis/Leucaena forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN OED 2012032901 Oahu BISH 3/29/2012
3 Guaiacum sanctum L. Ala Moana Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. s.n. Oahu BISH 1/3/1948
4 Guaiacum sanctum L. koko crater botanical garden, near cacti/americas section. Dry Lowland Prosopis/Leucaena forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oed lau, a.; frohlich, d. collector number: 2012032901 Oahu BISH 3/29/2012
5 Guaiacum sanctum L. ala moana park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pearsall, g.a. collector number: s.n. US 1/3/1948
6 Guaiacum sanctum L. koko crater botanic garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. cory, c. collector number: 1984 Oahu BISH 2/10/1986
7 Guaiacum sanctum L. Koko Crater Botanical Garden, American section PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. 3538 Oahu BISH 5/21/1997
8 Guaiacum sanctum L. Koko Crater Botanic Garden full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1984 Oahu BISH 2/10/1986
9 Guaiacum sanctum L. Koko Crater Botanical Garden, American section Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3538 NY 5/21/1997
10 Guaiacum sanctum L. koko crater botanical garden, american section Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3538 NY 5/21/1997
11 Guaiacum sanctum L. Honolulu, Kahala, Kolohala Drive. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 633 Oahu PTBG 5/19/1977
12 Guaiacum sanctum L. Koko Crater Botanical Garden, near Cacti/Americas section. Dry lowland Prosopis/Leucaena forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Alex Lau and Danielle Frohlich OED 2012032901 Oahu PTBG 3/29/2012
13 Guaiacum sanctum L. Koko Crater Botanical Garden, near Cacti/Americas section. Dry Lowland Prosopis/Leucaena forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN OED Lau, A.; Frohlich, D. Collector Number: 2012032901 Oahu BISH 3/29/2012
14 Guaiacum sanctum L. Makua Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3538 Oahu HAPI 5/21/1997